{"id":371,"date":"2024-10-04T22:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T20:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/le-ramadan.com\/blog\/confirmer-le-ramadan-methodologies-des-erudits\/"},"modified":"2024-10-04T22:09:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T20:09:00","slug":"confirmer-le-ramadan-methodologies-des-erudits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/le-ramadan.com\/blog\/confirmer-le-ramadan-methodologies-des-erudits\/","title":{"rendered":"Confirmer le ramadan : m\u00e9thodologies des \u00e9rudits"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A l’approche du Ramadan, nous devons apprendre comment le mois de Ramadan commence et se confirme. Les \u00e9rudits hanafites mentionnent dans leurs livres que le Ramadan peut \u00eatre confirm\u00e9 de deux mani\u00e8res. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re fa\u00e7on de confirmer le Ramadan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cette m\u00e9thode pour confirmer le Ramadan est de voir la nouvelle lune apr\u00e8s le coucher du soleil le vingt-neuvi\u00e8me jour de Chabane.\u00a0C’est une obligation commune pour les musulmans de rechercher la nouvelle lune \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0.\u00a0S’il est confirm\u00e9 qu’ils ont vu la lune, alors cette nuit est la premi\u00e8re nuit du Ramadan<\/a>, et ils prieront la pri\u00e8re de Tarawih, comme le Proph\u00e8te, b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et paix soient sur lui, a dit : \u00ab\u00a0Je\u00fbnez quand vous la voyez.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le hadith complet est : \u00ab Je\u00fbnez quand vous le voyez.\u00a0Et terminez votre je\u00fbne quand vous le voyez.\u00a0S’il y a des nuages \u200b\u200bau-dessus de vous, estimez-le \u00bb, comme il est dit dans une narration.\u00a0Les \u00e9rudits hanafites disent que ce que l’on entend par les mots \u00ab\u00a0estimer\u00a0\u00bb dans cette narration ; signifie compl\u00e9ter le nombre complet, qui est de 30 jours.\u00a0Une autre narration dit : \u00ab Si c’est nuageux au-dessus de vous, alors compl\u00e9tez le mois de Chaban en 30 jours.\u00a0Ils disent que le sens de la narration pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente est rendu clair par cette narration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La deuxi\u00e8me fa\u00e7on de confirmer le Ramadan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La deuxi\u00e8me m\u00e9thode pour confirmer le Ramadan consiste \u00e0 compter Chaben comme trente jours.\u00a0Si le ciel est nuageux et que nous ne pouvons pas voir la lune, nous prenons cette seconde m\u00e9thode, que le Proph\u00e8te, b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et salut soient sur lui, nous a clairement expliqu\u00e9e lorsqu’il a dit : \u00ab Si le ciel est nuageux au-dessus de vous, alors terminez le mois de Chaaban a 30 ans.\u00a0Donc, si la lune est voil\u00e9e par des nuages, de la poussi\u00e8re ou quoi que ce soit d’autre, nous terminons le mois de Chaabane \u00e0 trente par accord unanime.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il existe donc deux m\u00e9thodes. Soit nous voyons la lune, soit si le ciel est nuageux, nous comptons Chaaban pour trente jours. Et le jour suivant est le premier jour du Ramadan. C’est parce que le mois lunaire compte 29 ou 30 jours, selon les paroles explicites du Messager d’Allah, que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction et la paix soient sur lui. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pouvons-nous \u00e9tablir les lunes de l’A\u00efd et du Ramadan par calcul astronomique ? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9rudits, principalement les quatre \u00e9coles de fiqh, sauf une petite minorit\u00e9 (comme de rares \u00e9rudits hanafites et de rares \u00e9rudits shafi’i qui ont examin\u00e9 les calculs) tous les \u00e9rudits sont d’accord, que les calculs ne doivent pas \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toutefois, certains \u00e9rudits du fiqh ont autoris\u00e9 l’utilisation du calcul, dans le cas d’un Chaabane de 30. Dans ce cas le croissant du mois de Ramadan est impossible \u00e0 voir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9moignage d’expert ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Certains \u00e9rudits disent que les calculs ne sont fiables que si la plupart d’entre eux le disent ; c’est-\u00e0-dire si un grand groupe d’astronomes musulmans experts s’accordent sur la pr\u00e9cision des calculs. Ils disent que leurs calculs sont affirm\u00e9s par une certitude ou par une pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est le point de vue de Mohammad ibn Muqatil al-Razi<\/strong>, le grand \u00e9rudit du fiqh. Il avait l’habitude de leur demander et de se fier \u00e0 leur calcul si un grand groupe d’entre eux \u00e9tait d’accord. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 par Ibn Surayj, l’un des plus grands \u00e9rudits Shafi’i, que les calculs des astronomes peuvent \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9s et qu’il avait l’habitude de se fier \u00e0 leurs calculs uniquement si le ciel n’\u00e9tait pas clair. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’imam al-Soubki, un grand \u00e9rudit du fiqh Shafi’i, a soutenu que les calculs de l’astronome peuvent \u00eatre pris sans restriction. Les plus grands savants Shafi’i, tels qu’Ibn Hajar et al-Ramli dans son explication d’ al-Minh aj, ont<\/em> r\u00e9fut\u00e9 cela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Ramli a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9 sur l’opinion de l’imam al-Soubki selon laquelle s’il y avait une observation de la lune la trenti\u00e8me nuit, mais les astronomes disent qu’il \u00e9tait impossible que la lune soit vue, le calcul des astronomes devait \u00eatre s\u00fbr. L’imam al-Ramli a r\u00e9fut\u00e9 cette fatwa et a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ; \u00ab\u00a0C’est au rapport qu’il faut donner suite, car le rapport a re\u00e7u un statut d\u00e9finitif du l\u00e9gislateur\u00a0\u00bb. Et donc ce qu’a dit al-Soubki est rejet\u00e9, comme l’ont r\u00e9fut\u00e9 de nombreux grands \u00e9rudits Shafi’i. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A l’approche du Ramadan, nous devons apprendre comment le mois de Ramadan commence et se confirme. Les \u00e9rudits hanafites mentionnent dans leurs livres que le Ramadan peut \u00eatre confirm\u00e9 de deux mani\u00e8res.  La premi\u00e8re fa\u00e7on de confirmer le Ramadan Cette m\u00e9thode pour confirmer le Ramadan est de voir la nouvelle lune apr\u00e8s le coucher du soleil…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ramadan"],"yoast_head":"\nConfirmer le ramadan : m\u00e9thodologies des \u00e9rudits<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A l'approche du Ramadan, nous devons apprendre comment le mois de Ramadan commence et se confirme.\u00a0Les hanafites ont 2 mani\u00e8res.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta 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